ECG Course 6 Months ( PDT)

Course Fee Tk 35500/-

Admission Fee Tk 15500, Monthly Fee Tk 3000, Exam Fee Tk 2000.

Total Subjects 4, Total Exam Marks 400, Weekly Class 1 Day.

Subjects of the ECG Course 6 Months

Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology 

Cardioconductive System and Coronary Blood Circulations 

Fundamentals of Electrocardiography (Graph)

Practical-1 (ECG Lead Placement and Machine Operations). 

Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology 

• Cardiac Cycle: Consists of systole (contraction/ejection) and diastole (relaxation/filling), controlled by pressure-volume relationships.
• Key Parameters:
  • Preload: The end-diastolic volume (venous return) that stretches the ventricle.
  • Afterload: The resistance the ventricles must overcome to eject blood (arterial pressure).
  • Contractility (Inotropy): The inherent strength of the heart muscle.
• Vascular System: Comprises arteries, veins, and capillaries, regulated to control blood pressure and distribution.​
• Cardioconductive System and Coronary Blood Circulations
  
  
• The cardiac conduction system is a network of specialized cells, nodes, and fibers that initiate and coordinate the heart’s rhythmic contractions, ensuring efficient blood pumping. The process begins with the SA node (pacemaker) triggering atria contraction, followed by impulse transmission through the AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers to induce ventricular contraction.
• Key Components of the Conduction System
• The electrical impulse follows a precise pathway to ensure the chambers contract in the correct sequence:
• • Sinoatrial (SA) Node: Located in the right atrium, this is the natural pacemaker, generating electrical impulses (
     times per minute) That starts the heartbeat.
  • Atrioventricular (AV) Node: Located in the atrial septum, it acts as a gatekeeper, slowing the signal slightly to allow the ventricles to fill with blood before contracting.
  • Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His): Receives the signal from the AV node and passes it into the ventricles.
  • Bundle Branches: The bundle of His splits into right and left branches, which run along the interventricular septum, carrying the signal to the apex of the heart.
  • Purkinje Fibers: These fibers spread the electrical signal rapidly throughout the ventricular muscle, causing the ventricles to contract synchronously. Process of Electrical Activation
  • Atrial Depolarization: The SA node fires, causing both atria to contract.
  1. Ventricular Activation: The signal travels to the AV node, down the bundle of His and bundle branches.
  2. Ventricular Contraction: Purkinje fibers rapidly distribute the impulse to the ventricles, resulting in contraction and blood pumping to the lungs and body. 
  3. Significance and Clinical Relevance
  4. Coordination: This system ensures the heart's upper and lower chambers work in harmony.
  • Automaticity: The cells are self-excitable, allowing the heart to generate its own electrical signal.
  • Clinical Testing: Electrical activity can be measured using an electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG) to diagnose issues like arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats).
  • Conduction Defects: Dysfunction in any part of this system can lead to arrhythmias, requiring medical intervention. 
  • Coronary Blood Circulation
  • Coronary blood flow is the circulation of oxygenated blood through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle (myocardium) and the return of deoxygenated blood via cardiac veins. 
  • Key Components and Function:
    
  • • Coronary Arteries: The left main artery splits into the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) and Circumflex (LCX), supplying the left side. The Right Coronary Artery (RCA) supplies the right side and, in most people, the back of the heart (dominant system).
    • Epicardial vs. Intramuscular: Larger epicardial vessels (superficial) conduct blood, while smaller intramuscular vessels, or microcirculation, manage resistance and control flow.
    • Diastolic Flow: Because the heart muscle contracts during systole and compresses its own blood vessels, the majority of perfusion occurs when the heart relaxes (diastole).
    • Regulation: Flow is tightly coupled to oxygen demand, with metabolic factors (e.g., adenosine), myogenic autoregulation, and neural control (sympathetic/parasympathetic) adjusting the resistance. 
    • Clinical Significance:
    • Atherosclerosis: Plaque buildup in these vessels narrows the artery, reducing oxygen supply and causing ischemia.
    • Ischemia: Occurs when oxygen demand outweighs supply, which can cause chest pain (angina) or myocardial infarction (heart attack).
    • Collateral Circulation: In chronic heart disease, smaller vessels can enlarge to bypass blockages. 
    Venous Return:
    Deoxygenated blood is collected by cardiac veins, which drain into the right atrium primarily via the coronary sinus.